Why is killing a brahmin considered sin while killing other caste people is not?

Question

This question itself is motivated from this other question: What are different types of sins?

Where the accepted answer cites some points from scriptures:

1. Maha-pataka: Killing a Brahman, drinking liquor, theft, violation of the preceptor's bed.

2. Jatibrhamsa-pataka: Beating a brahmana, smelling liquor or garlic, living through begging, etc.

That made me wonder why god or whoever created us would say something like that? I mean killing or beating any living being is a sin, then why is it written explicitly for Brahmins?

Sometimes I feel like all the scriptures written by Brahmins are biased toward Brahmins?

Answer 1

Your confusion arises because you think that Hindu scripture supports the Hindu caste system as seen today. That is not the case. The term Brahmana in Hindu scripture has a different connotation from the Brahmana of Hindu caste system. Hindu scripture is talking of Varna which is dependent on conduct.

Bhrigu said, 'He is called a Brahmana in whom are truth, gifts, abstention from injury to others, compassion, shame, benevolence, and penance. He who is engaged in the profession of battle, who studies the Vedas, who makes gifts and takes wealth (from those he protects) is called a Kshatriya. He who earns fame from keep of cattle, who is employed in agriculture and the means of acquiring wealth, who is pure in behavior and attends to the study of Vedas, is called a Vaisya. He who takes pleasure in eating every kind of food, who is engaged in doing every kind of work, who is impure in behavior, who does not study the Vedas and whose conduct is unclean, is said to be a Sudra. If these characteristics be observable in a Sudra, and if they be not found in a Brahmana, then such a Sudra is no Sudra, and such a Brahmana is no Brahmana.'

Mahabharata, Santi parva, Section CLXXXIX

One can not be a Brahmana by simply being born in a Brahmana caste.

Answer 2

The Havi(oblation) that is poured in fire during a fire sacrifice(Yajna) is the only food for the Gods.Without getting Havi from Yajna the Gods gradually become weak.

Now,the Gods are the positive forces of nature that sustains life and sustains the entire universe.

So, maintaining their vigor and power is of utmost importance and is in good interest of every creature that inhabits this creation.

So, Yajna or Puja to Gods take a supremely important position for a smoothly functional universe.

That's also the reason you often find that the Asuras(representing the negative forces of nature who are constantly in war with the Gods) are always very eager to disrupt Yajnas and Pujas. By doing that,they just want to get the Gods weak that's all.

Now ,the Brahmins ,who are well versed in the Vedas and other scriptures are the only ones capable of performing these religious duties(like Yajna etc) perfectly.

So,their life becomes understandably far more important than those of some other (Non-Brahmin)human beings.

There is also a similar differentiation done between Cows and other animals.

You will find scriptures saying that killing Cows is one of the most grave sins possible.

But killing some other animals for example is not that much of a big sin.

Now, that might sound rationally wrong to few.

But,the reason again ,for such importance of cows, lies in Yajnas.

The Havi that is poured in Yajna is mostly Ghee which can only be obtained from Cows.

So,Cows form the very root of fire sacrifice.

Thus, Cows take a supremely important position among all animals just like the Brahmins who take a similarly important position among human beings.

A smoothly functional universe is impossible without the Gods who are in turn fully dependent on Yajnas for sustaining their strength.And ,Yajnas again are impossible to perform without either the Brahmins or the Cows being present.

That is why killing a Brahmin or a Cow both come under the worst possible sins.

Adding a scriptural source (courtesy Keshav Srinivasan) which aptly describes the importance of Yajna in Dharma:From this page:

havisham parinamo'yam yat etad akhilam jagat

Meaning-This whole universe is the result Or transmutation of Havi(oblations)

Answer 3

Why is killing a brahmin considered sin while killing other caste people is not?

This presupposition is wrong; killing people of other castes is also a sin:

Manusmriti 11.126: One fourth of the expiation for the killing of a Brāhmaṇa has been prescribed for the killing of a Kṣatriya, one eighth for that of a Vaiśya, and one sixteenth for that of a Śūdra,—each of these being one who is devoted to his duty.

Then you say,

Where the accepted answer cites some points from scriptures:

Maha-pataka: Killing a Brahman, drinking liquor, theft, violation of the preceptor's bed.

Jatibrhamsa-pataka: Beating a brahmana, smelling liquor or garlic, living through begging, etc.

This citation does not prove or show that killing people of other castes is not a sin. All it says is that killing a Brahmin is a mahapataka, or a heinous sin.

Answer 4

Nonviolence is an important duty for all humans in general of any caste:

"Nonviolence, truthfulness, honesty, desire for the happiness and welfare of all others and freedom from lust, anger and greed constitute duties for all members of society." (Bhagavata Purana, 11.17.21)

Killing anyone or anything is considered as sinful, in general.

However there are rare conditions where killing is ok:

"Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa said: O Arjuna, you should not show mercy by releasing this relative of a brāhmaṇa, for he has killed innocent boys in their sleep.

A person who knows the principles of dharma does not kill an enemy who is careless, intoxicated, insane, asleep, afraid or devoid of his chariot. Nor does he kill a boy, a woman, a foolish creature or a surrendered soul.

A cruel and wretched person who maintains his existence at the cost of others’ lives deserves to be killed for his own well-being, otherwise he will go down by his own actions." (Bhagavata Purana, 1.7.35-37)

ahiṁsā or nonviolence is an important principle in every form of Hinduism and mentioned over and over again in many scriptures.

"If one shows the symptoms of being a brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya or śūdra, as described above, even if he has appeared in a different class, he should be accepted according to those symptoms of classification." - Bhagavata Purana, 7.11.35

A brahmana is someone with brahminical qualities (likewise the same for the other castes).

Someone who kills innocent people becomes an outcaste.

Don't you know that Ravana was from a brahmin family by birth but became known as an Asura? Ram was not from a brahmin family.

Overtime in this Kali Yuga the caste system became abused, distorted, and polluted.

In general, violence does not bring people closer towards perfection or unity with God, it pushes people away from God.

Answer 5

Indra Committed Sin of Killing Brahman Demon

A group of powerful (Rakshas) demons attacked Indralok, out of terror, Indra left his kingdom and went to Brahma for the advice.

Brahma showed him a Brahman Rakshas (demon) and asked him to make that Brahman Rakshas his guru. Indra followed the orders and helped the Rakshas in Vedic rituals and Hawans but at the end of the rituals, Indra wanted to retaliate the group of demons using the offerings instead the Rakshas gave all the food offerings to his mother who was also a Rakshasni. Indra was very angry so he killed that Rakshas (demon) and his vengeful Rakshasni mother started haunting Indra wherever he went. The sin of Brahman Hatya led to his exile. So to escape from her wrath, since she was enraged and Indra killing the Brahman had committed heinous sin, he finally decided to hide himself in a flower for 100,000 years and did penance remembering Bhagwan Vishnu.

Vishnu appeared and advised that killing a Brahman is irreversible sin and to dilute its impact on himself, he need to distribute sin among the pious creations of Vedic Gods.

So pious creations of Gods were –

Earth Ocean Trees Women As shown, one such pious creation of Vedic Gods were women too, so the women’s menstrual cycle was actually curse of Indra and since then they are forbidden from going to temples or holy pilgrimages. Indra passing portion of his sin to women made them impure during menstrual cycle. One more thing about women’s importance is that, there is a tradition to bow down inverted on ground in front of God but women are not allowed to do that. The reason is to offer dignity and respect: woman’s womb is considered to be very sacred and pious and by completely touching the ground even in front of God is an insult to that womb so women are not allowed to do so.

Eventually the absorption of partial Karmic reactions of Indra’s sin lead to

Cracks on Earth Waves in Ocean Waves Milk oozing out from Trees Menstrual Cycle in Women Any harm done to Indra would have led to series of drought and decimation of species, beings. As explained before, Indra was the God of wars, storms, and the heavens. So the distribution of sin among pious beings was done for the prosperity and continuum of the mankind and species.