Madhvacharya is the proponent of the Dvaita school of Vedanta because he doesn't believe that Brahman is the material cause of Jivatmas and Prakriti.
But what is his main argument against it?
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Well, Madhvacharya, like all members of the Vedanta school, believed that Sandra Pramana is the proper source of knowledge concerning Brahman. So his argument might have been basically "the Upanishads declare that Brahman is the efficient cause and not the material cause of the Universe". The question is what Upanishad passages he used.– Keshav Srinivasan ♦Commented Nov 12, 2017 at 1:23
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In my question here I discuss how Shaiva Siddhantins (at least the ones who reject the Vedanta school) cite a Shwetashwatara Upanishad verse to argue Brahman is not the material cause. Madhvacharya might have cited the same verse. Alternatively, Madhvacharya might have thought that Brahman being the efficient cause is known through Sabda Pramana, but Prakriti being the material cause is known through Anumana. At least the Samkhya and Yoga schools thought Prakriti being the material cause is known through Anumana.– Keshav Srinivasan ♦Commented Nov 12, 2017 at 1:26
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Ramanuja gives tries hard to refute the notion of the world being unreal, so Madhva might do the same.– IkshvakuCommented Nov 12, 2017 at 1:29
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Regarding Brahman not being the material cause.– IkshvakuCommented Nov 12, 2017 at 1:46
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Better to read his commentaries and other dwaita scholars– Rakesh JoshiCommented Nov 12, 2017 at 16:43
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