You can find many books and texts on scientific theories, procedures, etc but not all are such that they can be understood directly. Sometimes the things are said in metaphors and therefore it's difficult to get whether it has to be taken in a literal sense or scientific sense.
There are many Puranas which contain the story of universe creation so that can be found very easily within many Hinduism SE question and answers. Puranas also explains the beginning of different kind of species. The creation and destruction (flood) etc parts are also present there, where, seeds of different species are preserved so that creation process can start again.
In the case of medicines, there is a book called 'Charak Samhita' written by Maharishi Charak and is based on Ayurveda. It describes the human anatomy, various diseases, their symptoms, and cure, etc.
As per this wikipedia article:
The pre-2nd century CE text consists of eight books and one hundred
twenty chapters. It describes ancient theories on human body,
etiology, symptomology and therapeutics for a wide range of
diseases. The Charaka Samhita also includes sections on the
importance of diet, hygiene, prevention, medical education, the
teamwork of a physician, nurse and patient necessary for recovery to
health.
There is another book called 'Sushruta Samhita' which talks about medicines and surgical practices and procedures.
According to this wikipedia article:
The Sushruta Samhita (सुश्रुतसंहिता, IAST: Suśrutasaṃhitā, literally
"Suśruta's Compendium") is an ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and
surgery, and one of the most important such treatises on this subject
to survive from the ancient world. The Compendium of Suśruta is one of
the foundational texts of Ayurveda (Indian traditional medicine),
alongside the Caraka-Saṃhitā, the Bheḷa-Saṃhitā, and the medical
portions of the Bower Manuscript. It is one of the two
foundational Hindu texts on the medical profession that have survived from
ancient India.
The Suśrutasaṃhitā is of great historical importance because it
includes historically unique chapters describing surgical training,
instruments, and procedures.
Apart from this, there is also a book on 'Vaimanika Shastra', ie Aeronautical science.
As per this wikipedia article:
The existence of the text was revealed in 1952 by G. R. Josyer who
asserted that it was written by Pandit Subbaraya Shastry (1866–1940),
who dictated it during the years 1918–1923. A Hindi translation was
published in 1959, while the Sanskrit text with an English translation
was published in 1973. It contains 3000 shlokas in 8 chapters which
Shastry claimed was psychically delivered to him by the ancient Hindu
sage Bharadvaja. The text has gained favour among proponents of
ancient astronaut theories.
Although this book was not taken seriously by other people and was criticized for its poor airplane design, still we know that Pushpak Vimaan and other such aircraft/spacecraft existed earlier which could even go to different planets/lokas.
There are several other books also regarding astronomical and space, time and distance calculations, divine weapons and their dynamics, etc also which are also common.
